[Thermodynamics Note] Introduction

Thermodynamics -> behavior of matter -> occupies space -> system

properties <-fixed-> macroscopic state

two independent variables <-fixed-> all of the rest

State function: Independent of the path

P ∝ 1/V (Boyle's law)

V ∝ T (Charles's law)

α ＝ 1/V0 * (∂V/∂T)p = 1/273.15 (for ideal gas)

22.414 L/mole at STP (0°Cand 1 atm) (Avogadro's hypothesis)

PV=RT (ideal gas law)

1 atm = 101325 N/m^2

1 L * atm = 101.325 N * m = 101.325 J

R = 0.082 L * atm / degree * mole

= 8.314 J / degree * mole

Extensive properties: depend on the size of the system.

Intensive properties: independent of the size of the system.

constitution

components: chemical species of fixed composition ( EX: 1. chemical elements 2. stoichiometric compounds)

Phase: A finite volume in the physical system with in which the properties are uniformly constant, i.e. do not experience any abrupt change in passing from one point in the volume to another.

Homogeneous: contains one phase.

Heterogeneous: contains two or more phase.